Computers without GPU

There are certainly computers without a dedicated GPU. These computers broadly fall into two categories:

Computers with an integrated GPU (iGPU): This is by far the most common situation for most consumer PCs, such as laptops, office PCs, and many budget desktops. In this case, the graphics chip is not a separate card, but integrated into the CPU (the processor) itself, or sometimes into the motherboard's chipset.

Examples of CPUs with iGPUs:

Intel: Most Intel Core i3, i5, i7, and i9 processors (without the "F" designation, such as the i7-14700K). The "F" in the name (e.g., i7-14700KF) means that the processor does not have an integrated graphics chip and therefore always requires a dedicated GPU for graphics.

 AMD: Most AMD Ryzen processors with a "G" designation (e.g., Ryzen 7 8700G, Ryzen 5 5600G) have powerful integrated graphics chips (often Radeon Graphics). Many other Ryzen processors in laptops also have an iGPU.

Advantages: Cheaper, more energy-efficient, quieter (no extra fan), more compact.

Disadvantages: Much less powerful than a dedicated GPU, not suitable for graphics-intensive tasks such as modern gaming at high settings, video editing, or professional 3D modeling.

Headless computers (without any graphics output): These are systems that require no graphics output at all because they don't use a monitor and are managed remotely.

Usage scenarios:

Servers: Many servers in data centers don't require a GPU because they only process data and don't need to display a graphical interface. They are remotely controlled via command line (such as SSH) or web interfaces.

Embedded systems: Small, specialized computers that perform specific tasks in devices (e.g., routers, industrial controllers) often don't require graphics output.

Operating systems without a graphical interface: Some Linux distributions are often installed "headless" for server purposes.

Note: Even these systems often have a CPU capable of generating a graphics signal (if present), but it's simply not used. Some motherboards may have problems booting ("POST") if no graphics chip is detected, unless specific BIOS settings are configured.

Conclusion:

The vast majority of computers have at least an integrated GPU to display an image on a  Monitor. Computers without a GPU at all (integrated or dedicated) are niche products primarily used for server applications or embedded systems where direct visual interaction is not required. For everyday computing, even the most basic, some form of graphics processor (iGPU or dedicated GPU) is essential.